The Slender Man Stabbing Case

On May 31, 2014, 12-year-old Payton Leutner crawled out of the woods to a path where a bicyclist found her bleeding from 19 stab wounds. Leutner, who survived the attack, told authorities she was stabbed by two of her 12-year-old friends, Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser. The two Waukesha, Wisconsin middle school students told investigators that they plotted for months to kill their friend to appease the fictional Internet character Slender Man, a paranormal figure who stalks and kidnaps children. Here are the latest developments in the Slender Man stabbing case: Slender Man Case Delayed Sept. 22, 2015 - The October trial date for the Slender Man stabbing case has been removed from the court calendar after the Wisconsin attorney generals office agreed that the decision to keep the case in adult court should be appealed. Waukesha County Circuit Judge Michael Bohren removed the trial date from his calendar after learning that Attorney General Brad Schimel supported the review by the Court of Appeals, although his office plans to defend the ruling to keep the case in adult court. Schimel said the appeal would clarify further proceedings in this litigation, and potentially protect the defendants, who were 12 years old at the time of the crime, from substantial or irreparable injury. Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier would face up to 45 years in prison if found guilty in adult court of the stabbing of their classmate, 12-year-old Payton Leutner, who survived the attack. They are charged with attempted first-degree intentional homicide. Although Judge Bohren also postponed hearings on other motions in the case until the appeal court rules, he did agree to allow a state psychiatrist to evaluate Weier in regards to a motion from her attorney that she was not competent to waive her right to remain silent when she first spoke to detectives. Judge Enters Pleas for Slender Man Girls Aug. 21, 2015 - A county judge has entered not guilty pleas for two 13-year-old girls accused of attempted homicide in the stabbing of a classmate while the defendants in the Slender Man case - Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier - stood mute in court. Attorneys for the two girls, who were both 12 when the crime took place, said they did not speak on their on behalf in adult court because Judge Michael Bohren has not issued his written order that denied their motion to move the case to juvenile court. Donna Kuchler, one of the attorneys for Geyser, said she wants to review the judges written order before deciding whether to appeal his decision. Kuchler and Maura McMahon, an attorney for Weier, said their clients might enter pleas of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. If the jury agrees that mental defects caused the stabbing, they would be sent to a mental hospital for an indefinite period of time. Geyser has been diagnosed with early onset schizophrenia. If found guilty in adult court, however, they could be sentenced up to 45 years. In juvenile court, they would have faced a maximum of three years incarceration. The exact charge against the two is attempted first-degree intentional homicide, as party to a crime, with use of a dangerous weapon for the stabbing of 12-year-old Payton Leutner in May 2014. Slender Man Case to Be Tried in Adult Court Aug. 10, 2015 - Two girls accused of stabbing a 12-year-old friend because they wanted to appease the fictional character Slender Man will go to trial in adult court rather than juvenile court, a judge has ruled. The decision means Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier could face up to 35 years if convicted of the stabbing of their classmate Payton Leutner. In spite of testimony at separate hearings for the two defendants from psychologist who said the girls could receive better mental health treatment in the juvenile system, Judge Michael Bohren ruled that their cases will remain in adult court. The defense attorneys had also filed a motion asking that the Wisconsin law requiring adult court for juveniles if they are charged with first-degree crimes be declared unconstitutional because it can lead to cruel and unusual punishment. In juvenile court, the girls could face up to five years incarceration, but if found guilty in adult court they could be sentenced to 65 years. Judge Bohren denied that motion, ruling that although juveniles may not be as culpable for their actions as adults, that does not mean they are exempt from receiving adult sentences. Slender Man Is Real, Suspect Says June 19, 2015 - One of the Slender Man murder suspects still believes the fictional character is real and would kill again if he told her to, psychiatrists have testified. The testimony came in a hearing to determine if Morgan Geyser will be tried in juvenile or adult court. State psychiatrist Kenneth Casimir told the court that 13-year-old Geyser has early-onset schizophrenia and continues to believe Slender Man is real. Casimir said Geyers severe schizophrenia is dangerous if it remains untreated. Morgan said, Well if he told me, meaning Slender Man, if he told me to hurt more people, Id have to do it. If he told me to break into someones house and stab them, I would have to do it, Casimir testified at the hearing. Another state psychiatrist, Dr. Kenneth Robbins, told the judge that Geyser would not do well in the criminal justice system. Severe schizophrenia is predictably going to do very poorly in the criminal justice system, and we have hundreds of examples of that, Dr. Robbins testified. He also said that Geyser continues to believe that Slender Man is real. Treatment Denied for Slender Man Suspect April 24, 2015 - One of the defendants in the Slender Man stabbing case will not have her bail reduced and will not be transferred to a private facility for mental health treatment. A judge denied the request from 12-year-old Morgan Geysers attorney. During the hearing, the judge expressed concerned about Geyser being a flight risk and kept her bond at $500,000. Anthony Cotton, Geysers attorney, had requested that her bail be reduced to a signature bond. Cotton told the judge that Geyser has no friends and has no car so she would not get very far if she did try to flee. Attorney Wants Treatment for Geyser April 15, 2015 - The attorney for a 12-year-old Wisconsin girl who is charged with stabbing a classmate to appease the fictional character Slender Man wants a judge to reduce her bail and allow her to be treated for psychotic disorders at a residential treatment center. Attorney Anthony Cotton wants Morgan Geysers bail reduced to from $500,000 to a signature bond. Cotton wants his client released from a juvenile detention center in West Bend and sent to a treatment facility in Milwaukee. She would go to Milwaukee Academy, an all-girls treatment facility at her parents expense, he said. In his motion, Cotton said Geyser has been diagnoses with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and desperately needs treatment for her mental illness. He said early treatment was critical for her ultimate prognosis. The judge is expected to rule on the bail motion on April 24. Slender Man Case Stays in Adult Court March 13, 2015 - The case of two Wisconsin girls who stabbed a classmate because they thought it would appease the fictional character Slender Man, will remain in adult court for now, a judge ruled. Judge Michael Bohren ruled that Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier will be tried in adult court for the attempted homicide of Payton Leutner. Attorneys for both girls had requested their case be moved to juvenile court. In making his ruling, Judge Bohren allowed the defense attorneys the opportunity to seek a reverse waiver to move their cases to juvenile court on other grounds. Under Wisconsin law, the attorneys will have to show that their clients will not receive adequate treatment in the adult criminal justice system, that moving the case to juvenile court will not depreciate the seriousness of the charge, and that keeping the case in adult court would not be a deterrent to other juveniles planning to kill their peers. The judge scheduled Weiers reverse waiver hearing in May and Geysers in June. Meanwhile, videos of the interrogation of the two girls have been release in which they openly discuss their motivation to kill their classmate. Geyser told detectives that killing Leutner would allow them to live with Slender Man in his mansion in the forest. Weier told investigators that Geyser convinced her that killing Leutner was necessary and if she did not participate, Slender Man would â€Å"kill my whole family in three seconds.† Defense Wants Case in Juvenile Court Feb. 25, 2015 - Defense attorneys and prosecutors have both filed motions in Waukesha County on whether two girls who stabbed their friend in the Slender Man stabbing case should be tried in adult or juvenile court. Prosecutors argue that when Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser lured their friend Payton Leutner into the woods, stabbed her 19 times and left her for dead after planning the crime for months, they were committing attempted first-degree homicide. According to court filings by the Waukesha County District Attorneys Office, if that is the charge they will face trial for, Wisconsin law dictates that the trial be conducted in adult court. Defense attorneys, on the other hand, argued that the two girls, who were both 12 at the time of the stabbing, should face attempted second-degree homicide charges, a count that would allow the trial to be held in juvenile court. Where the case is tried would make a huge difference in the possible sentences the girls would face. If found guilty of attempted first-degree murder in adult court, they could be sentenced to up to 65 years each in state prison. If found guilty of the lesser charge in juvenile court, they could only be held in a secure facility until they turned 25 years old. In court fillings last week, prosecutors pointed out that if the girls are tried in adult court, but found guilty of the lesser charge, Wisconsin law would allow them to be sentenced as juveniles anyway. The judge is expected to make a decision on the issue March 13. Girls Coerced by Slender Man, Attorney Says Feb. 24, 2015 - A defense attorney for one of the girls accused in the Slender Man stabbing case told a judge that his client believed the fictional character was real and would kill her whole family if she did not kill her friend. Joseph Smith Jr., attorney for Anissa Weier, asked the judge to dismiss the charge of first-degree murder against his client because the intimidation from the Slender Man character that she perceived amounted to coercion, which would justify a lesser charge. During the hearing last week, Waukesha Police Detective Michelle Trussoni testified that Weier and co-defendant Morgan Geyser, believed that their families would be in danger if they did not kill Payton Leutner. During an interview that was video taped, Weier told police, He targets children most, so I was really scared knowing that Slenderman could easily kill my whole family in three seconds. During the hearing, the court heard that the two girls had been planning the attack for five months. Originally, they planned to kill Leutner during a sleepover, but backed out. They also abandoned a plan to kill her in a park restroom where they could flush the blood down the drain, detective Trussoni testified. Finally, they decided to lure Leutner to the woods under the pretense of playing hide-and-seek. Police officer Shelly Fischer said Geyser whispered to Leutner, Im so sorry, just before the stabbing. Waukesha Detective Tom Casey, however, told the court that Geyser showed no remorse for the crime. Last weeks preliminary hearing was originally scheduled last July, but was postponed because Weier was declared incompetent. In November, she was ruled fit to stand trial.

Karl Marx s View On Race And Ethnicity - 865 Words

Race is rarely mentioned by the three early proponents of the field of sociology, Karl Marx, Emiele Durkheim and Max Weber. However, when it is cited, these sociologists voiced very diverse opinions on the matter of race and oppression. Marx regarded race as vestige of the pre-industrial era and thus, would be superseded by â€Å"reductionism† (Cite). Emiele Durkheim believed race, which he referred to as â€Å"ethnicity,† was a factor in connecting an individual to a subgroup of society, but played little importance in the overall functional social structure (Cite). In contrast, Max Weber thought that the subject of race was much more complicated, and suggested that the oppression of ethnic minorities exists due to the â€Å"followers of the traditional authority structure (believing) they are legitimate† (Jackson 14). THESIS? To understand Karl Marx’s view on race and ethnicity, one must first comprehend his theories on social structure, capitalism, materialism and alienation of the common worker. Marx was writing during a period of industrial advancement and believed the basis of all social and historical conflict was imbedded in the struggle between classes. Moreover, during the industrial revolution, Marx saw how manufacturing businesses owned by the Bourgeoisie were excelling, while a vast majority of the working class (proletariats) were still living in poverty. These large income divides between the Bourgeoisie and the proletariats only reinforced Marx’s theory that historyShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspectives On Race And Ethnicity1442 Words   |  6 PagesIssues of race and ethnicity can be seen through three noteworthy sociological viewpoints: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. 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The Matches “A Band in Hope” free essay sample

The Matches, an underground indie quartet from Oakland, California, brought something different to the table with their debut album, â€Å"E. Van Dahl Killed The Locals.† The new sound has been a breath of fresh air for many music enthusiasts, including me. The follow-up album, â€Å"Decomposer,† was expected to put them on the map, but it was a commercial flop. â€Å"A Band in Hope† is their third studio album. The 14-song CD has a  ­gentle sway between clinical depression and optimism. Buoyant songs like the first single, â€Å"Wake the Sun,† give off too much positive energy to be  ­ignored and even the dismal songs have a way of brightening the darkest situations. The Matches’ jazzy bass lines blend with the pop-rock guitar sounds to create a genre all their own. Shawn Harris’s vocals have a unique way of being incredibly deep while having a simple structure. â€Å"With a fistful of change, and absolutely no sense,† (from â€Å"What Katie Said†) is an excellent example. We will write a custom essay sample on The Matches: â€Å"A Band in Hope† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is said that after the disappointment of â€Å"Decomposer,† the band regrouped and rewrote the entire â€Å"A Band in Hope† album. Dealing with the flop has caused The Matches to mature quickly, which shows in their music. They no longer tell tales of MySpace romances but now sing about being professional musicians and how much commitment it takes. I would definitely recommend The Matches to anyone who enjoys progressive, experimental music. I hope â€Å"A Band in Hope† takes them mainstream.

Netball Analysis of a Performer Below my Standard Essay Example

Netball Analysis of a Performer Below my Standard Essay The person I have chosen to analyse does not play netball as a sport outside of school. She has played netball as part of compulsory P. E lessons but not as a part of school teams. I observed her in a game situation in a variety of positions and also in a structured practice situation, where I was focusing on particular skills. Core Skills Passing/Receiving The ability to successfully and efficiently pass and receive the ball is central to the game of netball and one of the most basic skills. A person who plays at any level should have a reasonable ability in this area. The performer I observed had fairly good coordination and ability to catch the ball, and rarely dropped it. There were some occasions in a game where she wasnt quite ready to catch the ball and wasnt able to adapt quickly to the situation she was put in. When the ball was passed to her above her head she tended not jump for the ball and preferred to wait for the ball to come to her, which meant that several of these passes were quite easily intercepted.. In a game situation she always caught the ball with two hands and in a structured drill she was very reluctant to use one hand to catch ball and had very little control over it. We will write a custom essay sample on Netball Analysis of a Performer Below my Standard specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Netball Analysis of a Performer Below my Standard specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Netball Analysis of a Performer Below my Standard specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This could be disadvantage in a situation in the goal circle when trying to receive the rebound if the ball is heading off court. A one handed catch is also beneficial when trying to intercept a pass. In a game situation she favoured chest passes most of the time and there was very little variation in the passes she used throughout the game. There were many situations in the game when a different pass would have been more suitable, however she wasnt able to adapt to the situation. For example, when two players were defending her and the area was well marked, a bounce pass or an overhead pass might have been a better choice of pass. However, she used a chest pass, which was easily intercepted. She executed her chest passes with the correct technique and the advantage of using a chest pass is that it can be received easily as it is at chest height and can also be adapted for longer and shorter distances. Although she was reluctant to use vary her passes in a game situation, in a practice situation she was able to perform several different passes correctly. She may have been reluctant to use these passes in a game situation due to a lack of experience and confidence. Footwork In a game situation her footwork was very inconsistent. She didnt appear to be properly aware of the footwork rules, and would often take one extra step on landing. There were mistakes made several times on pivoting, by using the wrong foot to pivot on. There were also several occasions where a pivot would have made her passing options much better, but she didnt take advantage of this and struggled to make a pass from the position she was already in. She always used a one-footed landing. A two-footed landing can be preferential as it provides better cushioning and also the choice of which leg to use as the pivot leg however using a one-footed landing does not necessarily have any disadvantages. There were a couple of times when she overstretched on her landing, which caused a lack of balance. This made it difficult for her to make a successful pass. She usually anticipates the ball quite well, however she sometimes misjudged the arrival of he ball, and would have landed before she caught the ball. She didnt use any complex footwork skills that you may see an experience player use. In a practice situation her footwork was much more consistent than in a game situation and she seemed more aware of the rules However once in a game situation and under more pressure, she was not able to apply what she could do in practices/drills. Shooting The player I analysed favours attacking positions, and her strength within the game is shooting, therefore her shooting skills are of equal standard if not better than mine. Her aim was quite accurate and she was fairly consistent, particularly when in a practice situation. Her close shots are more consistent than her distance shots. When she takes shots from near the edge of the goal circle, they tend to fall short or go much to high. In a game situation she tends to panic and doesnt take her time over her shots, which means that she is not always as accurate as she could be. Although she is quite a competent shooter, there are some occasions where passing to another player would be better than attempting a shot, for example when either very close of very far away from the goal. However, there were some situations where taking a shot went to her advantage as a pass would have probable been easily intercepted due to a well defended goal circle. In the game she didnt always recognise these options, and attempted a shot instead, and often an opposing player caught the rebound. She used the correct technique (two hands, one hand underneath, one at the side of the ball). A two- handed shot is better than a one handed shot as the ball is better protected and balanced. If this technique is used then there is more spin on the ball, and the shot is easier to control. A one- handed shot is poor technique as the ball is less protected and controlled and not as much strength can be applied to the shot. In a game she did not use techniques such as a step shot, however in a practice situation she was able to successfully perform a step-shot without losing balance or control. Moving Free This aspect of the game was analysed mainly through observing her playing in a game. She did not have very good special awareness and wasnt really aware of the importance of finding space around the court. She tended to move herself towards ball and crowded around the other players on the court. She did not really pay much attention to the positioning of he other players on the court; therefore she often wasnt in the best position to receive a pass. When in a game situation she tried to signal for the ball, however her signals were not always bold /clear enough so were not noticed by the other team members. There were also occasions where she made a signal for the ball when she was not in particularly good position to receive the ball, and consequently the possession of the ball was lost to the opposition. Throughout the game she didnt have much change in pace around the court, which was to her disadvantage when trying to move free from her opponent. When dodging her opponent she didnt use the correct technique and was very static. Instead of trying to fool her opponent into thinking she was moving in a different direction, her technique was just to try and move around her player and get in front of them, which wasnt always very successful. Often in doing this she tried to obstruct the play of her opponent and infringed the contact rule, and consequently was penalised. Marking (defence) She does not favour defence positions, however the ability to mark/defend is necessary in any position. When playing as goalkeeper, she was not very confident. She often forgot about the 3foot rule so was penalised for contact. This was often due to a lack of balance causing her to step too close to her opponent. She didnt have much confidence when marking the goal shooter, and did not stretch very much to mark/follow the ball. She did manage to receive a couple of rebounds in the goal circle but her reactions were not always quick enough. Around the court, she seemed to lack in stamina and would often lose the pace of the game and her opponent would quite easily get free from her. She also tended to follow her opponent rather than leading her opponent around the court. Although this meant that she was making the effort to let her opponent get free, she also didnt take the opportunities she had to get into a good position, and her partner had much ore control over her movement during the game. She didnt use block marking at all when marking her opponent, which meant she wasnt always aware what her opponent was doing, and could not mark the ball if her opponent had it. She would often stand in front of her opponent when stationary, but would forget to watch her opponent making it possible for them to move free. She would also use a side stance. This was quite good as it enabled her to watch her opponent and the game situation. She wasnt always aware of opportunities to intercept the ball and didnt react quickly enough or misjudged the timing of the throw, but she did make a couple of successful interceptions during the game.

A mistake can be corrected once found Essays

A mistake can be corrected once found Essays A mistake can be corrected once found Paper A mistake can be corrected once found Paper Learning this course has been very helpful to me. I have acquired skills in conducting researches. Making research is not just reading the references provided by any course instructor. You have to explore more using additional references of your own. In finding references you have to be more specific and do proper selection as some of them were not legitimate. After reading the references you have to find ways of integrating different ideas from different sources. You have to do proper comparison, contrasting, and be able to apply them to your own idea and what is really going on around in the past, and in the present. One indication of the effectiveness of your reading from different sources is when you test yourself by sharing what you have learned based on your own words and not by using the texts word for word from your readings. Sharing ideas in front of the class is very important. A mistake can be corrected once found. The most effective way to find any mistake in any class instruction is to collect ideas from each participating member of the class. It is very possible because each reader has their own understanding of what they have read. Doing the case study is also another way of measuring how a learner has acquired the learning objectives. Case studies enable the student to analyze particular cases, find problems, find solutions, and formulate conclusions. Completing case studies helped us master the process of professional problem solving. You have to identify problems, formulate your objectives, find related literatures, and conduct personal research and experiments. After that you have to integrate your literature readings and every data gathered from personal research and experiments in a discussion. Then afterwards you have to write recommendations and conclusion. Acquiring a skill in pursuing a Research or Study is the most important skill that I have acquired. It takes a lot of hardship and struggle but it is just a slight insight of what we are going to be as we pursue in our field. That is one of the things that I hate. There are situations where I got bored although I am particularly interested in the topic, but I got bored finding more references. All in all, I find my effort fair enough as I have gone this far already. The whole course about Health Information System has given me wider range of perspectives on the importance of Information systems in Health Care. Journeying back to the historical articles have given us a flashback of its early years and of how it has evolved from its traditional state into this present modern technology driven era. The evolution of the system was directly influenced by the impact of computers and the internet. It started as a local health information system that acquires and keeps records of health care and services data which had over years turned into an integrated system composed of health information networks from various locations. One of the biggest problems faced by its early promoters is enabling different network to share information coherently. The problem was solved by the application of JAD (Joint Application Design). Joint discussions of the processes in health information system were discussed on various perspectives of users, systems analysts, and systems modelers. Taking a standard Identification Number that could work from various computer systems and platforms was considered. To enable health information system users to access data from different location, the system was enabled on the internet. It was the first introduction of the system to the Web, which enables many clients to access data simultaneously.

The Guest by HwangSukYong, the significance historically, politically Essay

The Guest by HwangSukYong, the significance historically, politically and cutullay - Essay Example Notably, the same time saw the arrival of the American military that expressed its resilient support for the staged anti-communist efforts. Sin-chon was the center of all the horror that transpired, and is a historically significant place as signified by the museum erected in the same place as a memory of the past. The book ‘The Guest’ offers vivid descriptions of the 1950 events, presented through dreams of some characters who witnessed the atrocities. The context of the book thus exhibits a cultural, historical, and political relevance. This paper will highlight the relevance of its context in the three aspects. The author of the book ‘The Guest’ focused on one of the most sensitive subjects to both the south and northern Korea. In his introductory note, the author presents the contextual justification of the title selected for his work. A weighty analogy appears between the issues discussed in the book and small pox. Evidently, when the smallpox pandemic was of critical concern in Korea, the people regarded it as a ‘foreign disease’ and coined the term ‘sonnim’ that translates to guest in its reference. With the novel focusing on the adverse effects of Christianity and communism, the analogy to small pox becomes relevant. The fact that both of these ideologies were not concepts that had not emanated from the Korean people, but rather from foreigners justified them to bear the reference as guests. Moreover, the American army that has received immense criticism as the principal cause of the massacre, was a guest among the Korean (Lee 195). The book offers a salient criticism of the issues that transpired. Contrary to the common belief that the American army bears the ultimate blame for the atrocities that happened, the book offers an expose of the real perpetrators of the extreme violence that was carried out against the people in 50 days that those who witnessed the events would

A Comparison of the Education System in China and the USA Research Paper

A Comparison of the Education System in China and the USA - Research Paper Example It would be easier for working parents and provide children with a better education. The summer break often creates a situation that what has been learned the year before is not successfully retained, thus much of the next year is spent reviewing what had already been taught. This wastes time and children suffer for nostalgia for a system that no longer has a specific purpose. Another reason that this system prevails is that communities have complete control of their school systems, only complying with federal standards where financial incentives put pressure on the districts. Education is not universally standardized from one community to the next, thus there is no nationally recognized conformity. Certain standards are expected and assessed through tests which allow federal funds to become available, but the systems are still autonomous (Ravitch 105). The American systems are burdened by this autonomy with each community having a different set of expectations and standards that mus t then be set into a position to conform to state and then federal systems in order to qualify for funding that supplements the community’s own funding for the schools. While this helps community schools to have structure, it does not standardize education across that nation. This creates wide disparities from one educational system to the next. Pressures on students in American schools is most often assessed through per pressures as students compete in the social setting, immaterial to academic achievement. Students do not take their academic achievement near as seriously as the social pressures within their classes and their social structure creates classifications that stereotype each individual student’s experience.... This paper approves that both systems would benefit from a reconstruction of the way in which education is approached. Both systems tend to focus on the needs that the state puts forth for student achievement, rather than the purposes of education. The systems require cultural adjustments to how education is perceived. Both systems are subject to social beliefs that hamper the true purpose of education which is to increase the intellectual responses that students have to the world. Because of being stuck in cultural morays that dictate belief systems that are focused solely on financial success, a great loss of potential is experienced as the end is seen as the only goal, rather than the journey towards that end. Culture is getting in the way of meaningful learning. This essay makes a conclusion that while greatly diverse in cultural systems, the Chinese and the American school systems suffer from similar results that come from very different sources. The problems with the education in both systems are defined by the failures of the cultures to assess the true needs of students as they head towards the future. While the Chinese culture supports a more realistic foundation of the needs of success, the American system allows for the pursuit of more individuated goals and experimentation with outside activities. The nature of education, however, the ability to become resources for innovation towards a better future is stunted in both systems as students face pressures that are not about academics, but about beliefs that are defined by social pressure.